PANCE Neurology Practice Test

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• Dawson fingers on MRI are best described as lesions oriented how relative to the ventricles?
• Which sign is described as neck flexion causing involuntary flexion of the hips and knees?
• In bacterial meningitis, CSF analysis commonly shows which pattern?
• In suspected SAH when CT is negative, what CSF findings are expected?
• Which MRI finding with gadolinium is characteristic of glioblastoma?
• What describes the role of valproic acid and Levetiracetam as prophylaxis?
• Which statement describes brain death criteria?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with glioblastoma?
• Epidural hematoma is most often caused by injury to which artery?
• Which of the following is used as abortive therapy for migraines?
• Dementia with Lewy bodies is most accurately described as having features overlapping with which condition?
• The management sequence for status epilepticus includes which of the following?
• What is the test of choice for evaluating a suspected transient ischemic attack?
• A posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke most characteristically causes which deficit?
• Battle sign and raccoon eyes indicate what underlying injury?
• Diffusion restriction on MRI in a ring-enhancing lesion most strongly suggests which diagnosis?
• Which of the following best describes the management of subdural hematoma?
• Which nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
• Phalen sign is produced by which maneuver?
• What is the status of deep tendon reflexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• What is the typical age range for simple febrile seizures?
• MS typically affects which demographic group?
• In the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm, which medication is used to prevent vasospasm?
• What is the approximate risk of stroke after a TIA within 90 days?
• What is the test of choice for epidural hematoma, and what does it show?
• Which are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• Which statement correctly lists the two agents commonly considered first-line disease-modifying therapies for relapsing MS?
• Which medications are mentioned as prophylaxis options for seizures?
• Which medication is listed as a prophylaxis option with valproic acid?
• Which of the following lab tests is appropriate to evaluate potential underlying causes of focal seizures?
• CSF pattern in encephalitis typically includes which of the following?
• Which test is used to confirm brain death when clinical criteria are met?
• Which statement best captures the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of encephalitis compared with meningitis?
• Which clinical feature distinguishes meningitis from encephalitis?
• Which of the following is part of the acute management of ischemic stroke within 4 hours?
• Guillain-Barré syndrome is typically preceded by what type of event?
• Optic neuritis in young adults is most strongly associated with which disease?
• What is the typical presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Initial treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome is...
• CSF albuminocytologic dissociation is most characteristic of which condition?
• Which test would best confirm the presence of autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis?
• Brain tumor presenting symptoms most often include which pattern?
• Which of the following is a first-line disease-modifying therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis?
• In carpal tunnel syndrome, paresthesias are typically felt in which digits?
• What is the empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis in older children and adults?
• Which class of medications is commonly used for symptomatic treatment of dementia?
• Initial diagnostic test for suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage?
• How do generalized tonic-clonic seizures typically present?
• Which imaging feature is most consistent with glioblastoma?
• Which organism is most commonly associated with meningitis in neonates?
• Thenar atrophy in carpal tunnel syndrome indicates involvement of which muscle group?
• Lhermitte sign is characterized by which sensation?
• Which of the following is a second-line antiseizure option after benzodiazepines in status epilepticus?
• In Alzheimer's disease, which neurotransmitter system is preferentially affected?
• Huntington disease inheritance and hallmark features?
• Which finding on lumbar puncture supports SAH when CT is negative?
• The classic sequence of events in epidural hematoma begins with initial loss of consciousness, followed by a period of lucidity, and then rapid neurological deterioration. This sequence is best described as which of the following?
• What is the appropriate initial management for an active focal seizure?
• Which of the following is NOT a common autonomic neuropathy symptom in diabetes?
• Peripheral vertigo is typically indicated by which finding on exam?
• What is the recommended neonatal meningitis antibiotic regimen?
• Which organisms are most commonly responsible for meningitis in neonates?
• In adults, the most common meningitis pathogens are which two organisms?
• What is the recommended time window for thrombolytic therapy in eligible patients with ischemic stroke?
• Which histopathologic feature is associated with Alzheimer's disease?
• Which antibiotic provides coverage for Listeria monocytogenes in meningitis?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as secondary stroke prevention in the material?
• The most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults is which?
• What is Uhthoff phenomenon in multiple sclerosis?
• Which description defines Kernig sign?
• Dementia with Lewy bodies is classically described as having which combination of features?
• Guillain-Barré syndrome most commonly follows which type of illness?
• In the workup of TIA, which study is most helpful to evaluate carotid stenosis?
• Which statement best describes the pathophysiology and hallmark exam finding of myasthenia gravis?
• Which of the following is NOT a red flag for a new morning headache in adults?
• Cushing reflex triad consists of which combination?
• Diagnostic test of choice for hemorrhagic stroke?
• What is the most common cause of encephalitis?
• What defines a myasthenia gravis crisis?
• Which statement best describes a migraine headache?
• What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?
• Which headache type is commonly associated with photophobia and phonophobia?
• What is a typical comprehensive approach to brain tumor management?
• Which statement best describes the presentation of myasthenia gravis?
• Amaurosis fugax is best described as:
• Which symptom is commonly associated with cluster headaches?
• Neuromyelitis optica is distinguished from multiple sclerosis by the presence of which antibody and typical distribution?
• Which of the following is a benzodiazepine used in initial seizure treatment?
• Which features compose the core motor findings of Parkinson disease?
• Which of the following is NOT typically considered a first-line disease-modifying therapy for relapsing MS?
• How is status epilepticus defined in the material?
• After a subarachnoid hemorrhage, when does vasospasm risk peak and what preventive measures are recommended?
• Which drug is particularly effective for absence seizures?
• Which sign is associated with upper motor neuron lesions?
• Which medication is listed as a second-line IV therapy for status epilepticus?
• What is the recommended initial treatment for an active generalized seizure?
• Subdural hematoma commonly presents with headache, nausea, and vomiting and is most common in which population?
• Which of the following is NOT a major predisposing factor for ischemic stroke?
• What is the initial diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis and what finding is expected?
• Which presentation is typical of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Babinski sign indicates what type of lesion?
• Which diagnostic test is most definitive for diagnosing absence seizures?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with encephalitis?
• Which duration best describes a typical transient ischemic attack?
• According to Glasgow Coma Scale, at what score should intubation be considered?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a second-line agent for status epilepticus?
• Which Parkinson disease medication is commonly used as mono-therapy in younger patients?
• Which of the following is a presenting feature of hemorrhagic stroke?
• Which statement is accurate about status epilepticus treatment?
• In acute bacterial meningitis, CSF glucose is typically which of the following?
• Nimodipine is used in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent which complication?
• Which CSF pattern is most consistent with viral meningitis/encephalitis?
• Which organism is commonly associated with preceding gastroenteritis in Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• HSV encephalitis most characteristically involves which brain region on imaging?
• Which statement best describes a transient ischemic attack?
• Which statement best describes a focal seizure?
• What is the most common course of multiple sclerosis?
• Which symptom is classically associated with Parkinson disease?
• What is the effect of dopamine deficiency on movement in Parkinson disease?
• In suspected myasthenia gravis, which bedside test can transiently improve ptosis?
• What is the treatment for acute MS exacerbations?
• Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes commonly causes which symptom?
• In management of status epilepticus, which sequence correctly outlines the escalation of therapy?
• In any patient with a suspected intracranial hemorrhage, what is the most important immediate step?
• Which statement best describes simple febrile seizures in children?
• What is the defining feature of atonic seizures?
• Which adjunctive therapy is commonly given in bacterial meningitis to reduce inflammatory complications?
• For imaging thymic pathology in myasthenia gravis, which modality is recommended?
• In epidural hematoma, which sign may be observed indicating mass effect?
• Which territory stroke most commonly causes aphasia if the dominant hemisphere is involved?
• Which motor deficit is commonly seen in carpal tunnel syndrome due to median nerve involvement?
• What distinguishes generalized seizures from focal seizures?
• What is encephalitis?
• Which statement describes Kernig sign?
• A stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory most commonly causes deficits in which body region?
• Classic presentation of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
• What is the empiric antiviral treatment for suspected herpes simplex encephalitis?
• Which symptom pattern is commonly seen in carpal tunnel syndrome?
• Which statement best describes tension headaches?
• How do cluster headaches typically present?
• Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?
• Which Parkinson disease therapy is well established as effective but tends to wear off with long-term use?
• Early ischemic infarct on noncontrast CT is typically seen as which finding?
• In brain tumor imaging, which feature most suggests metastasis rather than a primary brain tumor?
• What describes Todd's paralysis after a seizure?
• Which sign is most characteristic of lower motor neuron lesions?
• What is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with optic neuritis in MS?
• What is the treatment for acute exacerbation of myasthenia gravis?
• Which MRI feature indicates active inflammation in multiple sclerosis?
• Pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes which of the following?
• In the described treatment approach, which drug class is used to rapidly control ongoing seizures?
• Which medication is commonly listed alongside Lorazepam and Diazepam as a first-line IV benzodiazepine for acute seizures?
• Most common region affected by hemorrhagic stroke?
• Subdural hematoma is most commonly caused by which mechanism?
• On CT imaging, subdural hematoma typically presents as which finding?
• What is the test of choice for meningitis?
• What are the typical features of essential tremor and its first-line therapy?
• Long-term disease-modifying therapy for MS includes which options?
• How does Lambert-Eaton syndrome differ from myasthenia gravis on neurophysiologic testing?
• Which presentation is most consistent with early Alzheimer's disease?
• Tinel sign in carpal tunnel syndrome is elicited by which maneuver?
• What best describes Todd's paralysis after a seizure?
• Which statement best differentiates tension headaches from migraines?
• Which feature is most characteristic of frontotemporal dementia?
• Cubital tunnel syndrome is characterized by compression of which nerve at which location?
• What CSF glucose finding is typical of bacterial meningitis?
• Which type of stroke is most common?
• Huntington disease inheritance pattern?
• What is the abortive treatment for cluster headaches?
• Vascular dementia presents with cognitive decline that follows which event?
• Which CSF finding is classically seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• How do myoclonic seizures present?
• What EEG pattern is classically associated with absence seizures?
• Definitive management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage involves which intervention?
• Definite confirmation of Parkinson disease on autopsy is the presence of Lewy bodies in which location?
• Which of the following is a recommended treatment step for hemorrhagic stroke?
• Which MRI finding is most characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
• Which of the following is a standard treatment for TIA to reduce stroke risk?
• What is a common issue with prolonged Carbidopa/Levodopa therapy?
• What is the maximum total score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• Which imaging study is the test of choice for subdural hematoma, and what does it typically show?
• Stroke in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory typically causes deficits in which region?
• What is the test of choice for ischemic stroke?
• Which finding is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure?
• What is the most common cause of thunderclap headache?
• Delirium vs dementia: which statement best describes their temporal pattern?
• Which statement most accurately describes absence seizures?
• On MRI with gadolinium, glioblastoma most often appears as which pattern?
• If thrombolysis with TPA is given, when should aspirin be started?
• If a non-contrast CT does not show subarachnoid hemorrhage but SAH is still suspected, which diagnostic test can confirm the diagnosis?
• The diagnosis of Parkinson disease is primarily clinical; a definitive postmortem finding confirms it by identifying which pathology?
• Which imaging finding is most characteristic of herpes simplex virus encephalitis?
• If initial non-surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome fails, what is the next recommended step?
• In meningitis, which age group is described as being commonly affected by Neisseria meningitidis according to typical age-based patterns?
• On noncontrast CT, hemorrhagic stroke appears as which finding?
• Which statement best differentiates TIA from ischemic stroke?
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by rupture of an aneurysm leading to bleeding into which space?
• Which statement about generalized seizures is true?
• What imaging modality is considered the gold standard for MS and what would it show?
• Which test is the chosen method for assessing major neurocognitive disorders?
• Which line of treatment includes IV valproic acid?
• What is the treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• What is the abortive treatment for tension headaches?
• Which of the following is a second-line IV antiseizure medication listed?
• Which medications are considered first-line for absence seizures?
• Which CSF finding is classic in Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• If a migraine has aura, which of the following may occur?