Which of the following is a standard treatment for TIA to reduce stroke risk?

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After a TIA, reducing the risk of a full-blown stroke comes from preventing new clots while limiting bleeding risk. For TIAs not caused by a clear cardioembolic source, antiplatelet therapy is the standard approach. Aspirin is a common starting choice, and in certain patients a combination of antiplatelet medications (such as aspirin with clopidogrel or aspirin with dipyridamole) can offer extra protection in the short term, especially after a high-risk TIA. Anticoagulation with warfarin, while highly effective for preventing cardioembolic strokes, is not the standard for noncardioembolic TIAs because it increases bleeding risk without proven extra benefit in this setting. Warfarin is reserved for TIAs when there is a known cardioembolic source, like atrial fibrillation or a mechanical heart valve. In addition to antiplatelet therapy, aggressive vascular risk reduction, including high-intensity statin therapy, helps lower the chance of recurrence.